One of these sinners is Brunetto Latini, a sodomite, who was Dante’s own mentor. There are three of them-the Outer, Middle, and Inner rings-housing different types of violent criminals. The first are those who were violent against people and property, such as Attila the Hun. Centaurs guard this Outer Ring and shoot its inhabitants with arrows. The Middle Ring consists of those who commit violence against themselves (suicide). These sinners are perpetually eaten by Harpies. The Inner Ring is made up of the blasphemers, or those who are violent against God and nature. Violence: This is the first circle to be further segmented into sub-circles or rings.Dante also meets Epicurus, Pope Anastasius II, and Emperor Frederick II. Heresy: Rejection of religious and/or political “norms.” Dante encounters Farinata degli Uberti, a military leader and aristocrat who tried to win the Italian throne and was convicted posthumously of heresy in 1283.This is a further progression in Dante’s evaluation of the nature of sin he also begins to question himself and his own life, realizing his actions and nature could lead him to this permanent torture. Anger: Dante and Virgil are threatened by the Furies when they try to enter through the walls of Dis (Satan).This is the first time they pass through a circle without speaking to anyone, a commentary on Dante’s opinion of greed as a higher sin. Dante encounters more ordinary people but also the guardian of the circle, Pluto, the mythological king of the Underworld. This circle is reserved for people who hoarded or squandered their money, but Dante and Virgil do not directly interact with any of its inhabitants. The author Boccaccio took one of these characters, Ciacco, and incorporated him into his 14th-century collection of tales called "The Decameron." Gluttony: Where those who overindulge exist. Dante encounters ordinary people here, not characters from epic poems or gods from mythology.Lust: Self-explanatory. Dante encounters Achilles, Paris, Tristan, Cleopatra, and Dido, among others.
Dante encounters Ovid, Homer, Socrates, Aristotle, Julius Caesar, and more here. Limbo: Where those who never knew Christ exist.
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